Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry (JBB) adheres to internationally recognized guidelines for authorship, intellectual contribution, and accountability, following the standards of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. Principles of Authorship

Authorship reflects both credit and responsibility for the published work. Each listed author must have made a substantial, identifiable intellectual contribution to the study and must take public responsibility for its content.
Authorship applies to all forms of scholarly output, including text, illustrations, datasets, digital content, and analytical frameworks.

To qualify for authorship, each contributor must meet all four ICMJE criteria:

1. Substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work; or acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
2. Drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
3. Approval of the final version to be published.
4. Accountability for all aspects of the work to ensure accuracy and integrity.

Individuals who do not meet all authorship criteria must be acknowledged but should not be listed as authors.

Examples of non-authorship contributions include:
– Technical or laboratory support
– Language editing or translation
– General supervision of the research group
– Administrative assistance
– Funding acquisition without intellectual involvement

2. Author Responsibilities

- One author (usually the corresponding author) must act as the guarantor , accepting full responsibility for the integrity of the entire work.
- Each author must be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific parts of the work.
- All authors must agree to the authorship list and order  before submission , and approve all subsequent revisions.

3. Author Order, Number of Authors, and Disputes

JBB does not impose limits on the number of authors per manuscript; however, the journal requires that all listed authors meet the full authorship criteria.

- The order of authors should reflect their relative contributions and must be mutually agreed upon by all contributors.
- The journal does not interpret the importance of author order; this responsibility lies completely with the authors.

If authorship disputes arise, they must be resolved before peer review. In exceptional cases, the Editor-in-Chief may mediate the dispute following COPE guidance.

Changes in authorship (additions, removals, or reordering) after submission require:

- A written, signed request from all original authors
- A clear explanation for the change
- Approval by the Editor-in-Chief

If nepotism, ethical concerns, or undisclosed contributions are suspected, the Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to request detailed contribution statements, and may reject, modify, or remove authorship  in accordance with COPE guidelines.

4. Author Contribution Statements

All manuscripts must include a Contributor Roles (CRediT) statement detailing each author’s contribution, such as:

- Conceptualization
- Methodology
- Data curation
- Formal analysis
- Writing—original draft
- Writing—review & editing
- Supervision
- Funding acquisition

5. Conflict of Interest (COI) Disclosure

Authors must include a dedicated section titled “Conflict of Interest” before the References list.
In this statement, authors must disclose:

- Financial relationships (funding, sponsorships, grants)
- Personal, professional, or institutional relationships
- Academic or political influences
- Potential competing interests related to peer review or publication

If no conflicts exist, authors must clearly state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

Conflicts must be disclosed by all authors and must align with ICMJE COI guidelines.