Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry (JBB) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. In accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and other international standards, the journal has established clear procedures for issuing corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern when necessary.

1. Corrections

A correction (erratum or corrigendum) will be issued when an error is identified in a published article that:

•⁠  ⁠Does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions
•⁠  ⁠Affects clarity, accuracy, or presentation (e.g., typographical errors, author affiliations, minor data inaccuracies)

Corrections will:

•⁠  ⁠Clearly describe the nature of the error and the correction made
•⁠  ⁠Be linked to the original article
•⁠  ⁠Preserve the original published record while ensuring transparency

2. Retractions

A retraction will be issued when an article is found to be seriously flawed or unethical, such that its findings or conclusions are no longer reliable. Reasons for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

•⁠  ⁠Evidence of research misconduct (e.g., fabrication, falsification, plagiarism)
•⁠  ⁠Redundant or duplicate publication
•⁠  ⁠Serious methodological or analytical errors
•⁠  ⁠Unethical research practices or lack of required ethical approval
•⁠  ⁠Undisclosed conflicts of interest that significantly affect the integrity of the work

Retractions will:

•⁠  ⁠Be clearly identified as retractions
•⁠  ⁠State the reason(s) for retraction
•⁠  ⁠Remain permanently linked to the retracted article
•⁠  ⁠Not remove the original article from the journal archive, but clearly mark it as retracted

3. Expressions of Concern

An expression of concern may be issued when:

•⁠  ⁠There is inconclusive evidence of misconduct
•⁠  ⁠An investigation is ongoing but not yet resolved
•⁠  ⁠Serious concerns have been raised that may affect the reliability of the article

Expressions of concern will:

•⁠  ⁠Clearly state the nature of the concerns
•⁠  ⁠Be linked to the original article
•⁠  ⁠Be updated or replaced by a correction or retraction once the investigation is concluded

4. Investigation Process

When concerns are raised, the journal will:

•⁠  ⁠Conduct an initial assessment in line with COPE guidelines
•⁠  ⁠Contact the corresponding author and, where appropriate, the authors’ institutions
•⁠  ⁠Allow authors an opportunity to respond
•⁠  ⁠Take appropriate action based on the outcome of the investigation

All investigations are handled confidentially, fairly, and without conflicts of interest.

5. Editorial Authority

The Editor-in-Chief retains full authority to issue corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern. Editorial decisions are made independently and based solely on academic integrity, ethical considerations, and the protection of the scholarly record.

6. Transparency and Indexing

All corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern are:

•⁠  ⁠Clearly labeled
•⁠  ⁠Freely accessible
•⁠  ⁠Indexed and linked to the original article
•⁠  ⁠Communicated to relevant indexing and archiving services when applicable

Commitment to Publication Ethics

The Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry upholds the highest standards of ethical publishing and transparency and follows internationally recognized best practices to safeguard the integrity of the scientific literature.