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April 2, 2026
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June 10, 2026
Published
June 12, 2026
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Abstract

Background: S. mutans is one of the most bacterial pathogens causing periodontal disease worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cardamom seed extract concentrations in inhibiting the growth of clinically isolated bacteria from patients with gingivitis caused by Streptococcus mutans, given the traditional use of cardamom seeds in Iraqi folk medicine for oral and dental health.


Methods: S. mutans bacteria were clinically isolated from patients with periodontal disease in Al-Muthanna Governorate and identified using the VITEK system. The effect of cardamom seed extracts on the bacterial growth activity of Streptococcus mutans was then evaluated.


Results: The study showed that ethanolic extracts of cardamom seeds (Elettaria cardamomum) have strong antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and the larger inhibition zones (12-16 mm) observed in the ethanolic extract indicate better efficacy than the aqueous extract.


Conclusion: The properties of ethanolic cardamom extract have demonstrated its ability to inhibit bacterial cell membrane enzymes, thus controlling bacteria. Furthermore, it is necessary to determine safe concentrations for human use and assess their suitability for use without the appearance of side effects.

Keywords

Streptococcus mutans Gum Infection Cardamon Bacteria Periodontal Disease

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Copyright (c) 2026 Bushra Hussein Alwan, Aseel Talib Hashem, Hadeel S. Almaliki, Yousif Sinan Alhamadani, Haider S. Almnehlawi, Anfal AL-Dalaeen, Nawar Jasim Alsalih, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari, Mohenned Alsaadawi (Author)

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How to Cite
Bushra Hussein Alwan (2026) “Inhibitory Effects of Cardamom Seed Extract on Streptococcus mutans: A Study on Gum Infection Isolates from Al-Muthanna, Iraq”, Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 5(2), pp. 43–50. doi:10.57238/jbb.2026.7432.1170.
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How to Cite

Bushra Hussein Alwan (2026) “Inhibitory Effects of Cardamom Seed Extract on Streptococcus mutans: A Study on Gum Infection Isolates from Al-Muthanna, Iraq”, Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 5(2), pp. 43–50. doi:10.57238/jbb.2026.7432.1170.
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